The actual concept of a structural framework should be provided on the architect/engineer's design drawings. These drawings are converted into detail drawings to provide necessary instructions for the shop fabrication and assembly installation of the different structural members. Through the shop drawings the CAD draftsman pass on all technical information required for the shop to fabricate the structural components.
To prepare required drawings with accuracy, the draftsman must have a comprehensive knowledge of the standard engineering specifications, better understanding of the shop fabrication and field erection process, and should have necessary skills for structural drafting. Hence, it is obvious that the structural drafter develop optimum drawing skills.
Drawing Numbers:
All structural drawings must be marked using the standard designation. Usually, drawings are numbered consecutively with a letter "S" (S1, S2, etc.)
Drawing Scales:
The standard unit for structural dimensions is feet. Usually, the scale is marked as feet and inches. Any scale based on an "Architect's Scale" can be utilized for structural drawings.
Titles:
All things on a drawing must have a title such as a plan view, elevation, section, detail, note column, etc. Titles are mentioned bold enough to catch the viewers' eye. To give prominence, the titles are underlined. Single line, a double line, or a combination of thin and thick lines can be used for underlining.
Dimensioning:
The style of dimensioning in structural drafting is the same style used in common architectural drawings. The dimension line is a continuous, unbroken line with the dimension figure placed above the line. Its obvious that to not place the dimension figure below the dimension line.
About the Author
Should you have any queries or need more information on structural drafting standards, please feel free to contact us. Email us at info@outsourcestructuraldrafting.com
Visit us at http://www.outsourcestructuraldrafting.com/ to get more information.
Richard Bose is structural engineer at OSD - an established Structural Engineering consultants offering full services such as structural design analysis, structural drafting and shop drawings services at affordable rates. Email us info@outsourcestructuraldrafting.com
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( 3 / 115 )Some recent anthropologists regard the amusements of the chase, as cultivated by civilized men hunting, fishing, and the like as "traces in modern civilization of original barbarism." If there is any truth in this theory, then the writer must confess that he is in a large measure a barbarian. But for years of devotion to life in the woods a devotion that is paralleled only in the religious devotee this little book would not have been written. Because the writer loves camp-life, and wishes to augment its pleasures, he sends forth this little volume, sure that his effort will be appreciated by all those in whom can be found "traces of original barbarism." The theme, Log Cabins, How to Build and Furnish Them, may savor a little too much of the technical and practical. But, then, as the most beautiful and fragrant flowers and delicious fruits must have their roots in the soil, so all the higher and more ethereal pleasures and benefits must, in civilization, be rooted in the practical and technical.
If in the desire for a return to the woods you discover elements of an uncivilized condition, that is no reason why you should go to the woods in a barbaric fashion. The modern representative of city life must not dream of going to the woods and living like a savage " in caves and dens of the earth,'' nor must he attempt to assume the remoter " arboreal habits " of the " hairy biped." As man has brought with him from barbarism to civilization traces of his original condition, so he must take back to " the forest primeval" sonic traces of his civilization. There is one obvious difference between our remote ancestors and ourselves. They lived in caves and dens, hunted and fished, because of necessity and inability to live in any other way. We migrate to the woods, hunt and fish from choice ; we go for change, recuperation, pleasure, health. We aim to treasure up energies in order to better sustain the tension of civilization. Health is imperative, and demands a dwelling in the woods in many points resembling a civilized one.
Camp structures may be classified as temporary and permanent. The temporary includethe various forms of "shelter " illustrated and described on pages 39 to 42 ; the permanent, that class of buildings made with more durable materials than the "shelter" such as stones, logs, slabs, shingle or bark. The temporary class of structures is referred to only because in almost every case a shelter must precede the permanent structure.
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( 3 / 115 )A scaled drawing is one where an object that is being drawn is large or the object to be represented in the drawing is such a size that it's impossible to draw full size on a sheet that can be conveniently handled in the shop where a part is being fabricated. In such cases, the drawing is made at a reduced scale, and is called a scaled drawing.
The text book defintion is: "A scaled drawing is one in which the length of all the lines of the drawing bears a definite ratio to the length of the corresponding lines of the object. Thus in a drawing made one-half size, each line of the drawing will be one-half the length of the corresponding line of the object."
Say for instance you are creating fabrication drawings for a dumpster. If you draw this to full scale the paper would have to be in excess of ten feet tall by sixteen feet long. This would be a hard drawing to drag around a welding shop so we would reduce it to one eight it's size on the paper. Once reduced, it would fit on a two foot tall by three foot long sheet of paper. A note or label would then be placed on the drawing that says 1/8" = 1" (one eigth inch equals one inch) so that it can be measured using a scaled ruler.
With this type of scaling, more than one view of the item we are drawing can be placed on a sheet like the front, rear, side or sides, bottom, top, and even an angled view called an isometric view.
About the Author
Tim Davis, a fully trained general drafter with 20 plus years experience, has created a virtual drafting school where many of these drafting disciplines are taught in a easy to understand format at http://101info.org.
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( 3 / 109 )Even before a set of architectural drawings is created, its necessary to determine if a building will fit on a piece of real estate. This is where a site plan comes into play. No complete set of architectural plans is really complete without the site plan. A site plan, also known as a plot plan, is a drawing representing a piece of property where a building is going to be placed or remodeled.
Whats included in a Site Plan
Boundaries: The boundary is the measurement and angles of lines that defines a piece of real estate. These are measured by using coordinates of a line with their distance from one point to the other. For instance if a lines coordinates are N32d1532E ~ 325.0, it means the line is started in a north easterly section that is angled thirty two degrees, fifteen minutes, thirty two seconds by a distance of three hundred twenty five feet. After all the boundary lines are complete it should represent a closed area.
Building Footprint: This is the representation or drawing of the perimeter of the structure that is to be built on the property. This will include porches, and decks attached to the house.
Setbacks and Easements: Setbacks are the lines where local municipalities have ordered that a structure cannot cross and easements are where utilities like sewer or power lines cross the properties area.
Roadways: These are the roads that are touching the property. If no road is accessible from the land a right of way must exist so that the owner can have access to their property.
Driveways and Walkways: These show where vehicle access, parking and foot access are located in relation to the house.
Utility Locations: This is where access to services like water, power, sewer, or septic tanks are shown on the drawings.
Topography: A representation of the surface features of a piece of property, indicating their relative positions and heights of the ground.
About the Author
Tim Davis is a seasoned drafter and teacher who has developed a class on drawing site plans at http://siteplans.8m.com/ This course is part of his classes on how to draw complete house plans at http://houseplandrafting101.com which can be taken separately or together.
Other Places Where This Article Is Featured:
* http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-a-Sit ... id=3452451
* http://draftingservice.us/homes/surveyi ... -plan.html
* http://pcimunity.blogspot.com/2009/12/w ... -plan.html
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( 3 / 123 )To begin there are some things you will need to know. Depending on how much detail your builder and building inspector require, the minimum set of plans should include the floor plan, exterior elevations, foundation or basement plan, and a roof plan drawn to scale.
A scale is nothing more than a shrunken ruler so that 1' -0" (12 inches) would be 1/4 inch long on your drawing. Here then is an example. If we use the scale and draw an eight foot (8') line. In reality the line is only Two inches (2") long on the paper.
What's in a set of house plans:
There's a Floor Plan that's a view of a house you would see if you took a knife and sliced the house to see the walls, windows, doors, etc. from the top, middle way down the walls. This is also called a dimensional plan. Typically all floor plans are drawn at the scale of one quarter inch equals one foot and zero inches. (1/4" = 1'- 0") It should include all the measurements of the walls, windows, and door locations, door and window sizes, stair locations, room labels, locations of exposed beams, cased opening sizes and locations, bathroom layout showing sink vanity, tub or shower, and toilet, kitchen cabinets with appliances & sink fixtures, and construction notes.
Many floor plans include the electrical symbols telling us where the receptacles, light switches, light fixtures, ceiling fans, cable connections, telephone jacks, and meter base are located in the house. These can be included in the dimensional plan but many drafters place it on a separate drawing page.
The Exterior Elevations or views include all four (4) aspects of the house. They are the front, left, rear, & right drawn also at one quarter inch equals one foot and zero inches (1/4" = 1' - 0") scale. Then there are some plans that have the front elevation drawn at 1/4" scale and then the left, rear & right at one eight inch equals one foot and zero inches. (1/8" = 1' - 0") On these views you find notes about what type of siding or veneer, the roof pitch (angles) of the various roofs, grade locations, finished floor & ceiling locations, and a roof plan showing the house from the top view. The roof plan is usually drawn at 1/8" = 1' - 0" scale or 1/16" = 1' - 0" to save space on the drawing.
The Foundation or Basement Plan is the same type as the floor plan showing wall types, footing sizes, floor joist or truss locations, support beams, pilasters or piers, and ventilation vents & openings. The foundation or basement plan is also a dimensional type drawing. Most of these plans are drawn at the scale of 1/4" = 1'- 0".
If the plan is more detailed, then we would see sectional details showing total breakdown of the materials used to construct the home and how they are put together, HVAC (heating and air conditioning) plan, plumbing plan, and cabinet elevations. Even more involved plans would show the types of mouldings, pediments, & trims in greater detail as well.
Tim Davis is a veteran Architectural Designer who teaches a full course in Residential Drafting at http://houseplandrafting101.com. He also teaches students how to read and understand blueprints at http://blueprints.8m.com.
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